Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 15: Bird Eyes and Ears

Performer: LibriVox - Claire Schreuder


'Why Mr. Great Horned Owl Hatched the Eggs' from Among the Forest People by Clara Dillingham Pierson

If the Rattlesnake is the king of the forest in the daytime, the Great Horned Owl is the king at night. Indeed, he is much the more powerful of the two, for he is king of air and earth alike and can go wherever he wishes, while the snake can only rule over those who live near the ground or who are so careless as to come to him there.

There was but one pair of Great Horned Owls in the forest, and they lived in the deepest shade, having their great clumsy nest in the hollow of a tall tree. You might have walked past it a hundred times and never have guessed that any Owls lived there, if you did not notice the round pellets of bone and hair on the grass. They are such hungry fellows that they swallow their food with the bones in it. Then their tough little stomachs go to work, rolling all the pieces of bone and hair into balls and sending them back to be cast out of the Owls' mouths to the ground.

The Great Horned Owl was a very large bird. His whole body was covered with brown, dull yellow, and white feathers. Even his feet and legs were covered, and all that you could see besides were his black claws and his black hooked bill. Yes, at night you could see his eyes, too, and they were wonderful great eyes that could see in the dark, but they were shut in the daytime when he was resting. His wife, who was the queen of the forest at night, looked exactly like him, only she was larger than he. And that is the way among Owls,—the wife is always larger than her husband.

Every night when the sun had gone down, the Great Horned Owl and his wife would come out of their hollow tree and sit blinking on a branch near by, waiting until it got dark enough for them to see quite plainly. As the light faded, the little black spots in their eyes would grow bigger and bigger, and then off they would go on their great soft, noiseless wings, hunting in the grass and among the branches for the supper which they called breakfast.

Mrs. Owl could not be gone very long at a time, for there were two large round white eggs in the nest which must not get cold. Her husband was on the wing most of the night, and he often flew home with some tender morsel for her. He was really a kind-hearted fellow, although you could never have made the small birds think so. Sometimes his wife would sigh and tell how tired she was of sitting still, and how glad she would be when the eggs were hatched and she could go more with him. When she began to speak of that, the Great Horned Owl would get ready for another flight and go off saying: "It is too bad. I am so sorry for you. But then, one would never have young Owlets if one didn't stick to the nest." He was always proud of his children, and he thought himself a very good husband. Perhaps he was; still he had never taken his place on the nest while his wife went hunting.

One night, after they had both been flying through forest and over field, he came back to the hollow tree to rest. He expected to find Mrs. Owl, for she had started home before he did. She was not there and he grew quite impatient. "I should like to know what keeps her so long," he said, fretfully. After a while he looked into the nest and saw the two big white eggs. "It is a shame," he said. "Our beautiful eggs will be chilled, and it will be all her fault if we have no Owlets this summer."

You see, even then he did not seem to think that he could do anything to keep them warm. But the next time he looked in, he put one feathered foot on the round eggs and was surprised to find how cool they were.

It fairly made his head feathers stand on end to think of it, and he was so frightened that he forgot to be cross, and stepped right in and covered them with his own breast. What if they had already been left too long, and the Owlets within would never hatch? Would Mrs. Owl ever forgive him for being so stupid? He began to wonder if any of the other fellows would see him. He thought it so absurd for the king of the forest to be hatching out a couple of eggs, instead of swooping around in the dark and frightening the smaller birds.

The night seemed so long, too. It had always been short enough before, and he had often disliked to have daylight come, for then he had to go to bed. He was very much upset, and it is no wonder that when he heard a doleful wail from a neighboring tree, and knew that his cousin, the Screech Owl, was near, he raised his head and called loudly, "Hoo-hoo-oooo! Waugh-hoo!"

The Screech Owl heard him and flew at once to a branch beside the nest hollow. He was a jolly little fellow in spite of his doleful call, and before he could talk at all he had to bend his body, look behind him, nod his head, and shake himself, as Screech Owls always do when they alight. Then he looked into the tree and saw his big cousin, the Great Horned Owl, the night king of the forest, sitting on the eggs and looking very, very grumpy. How he did laugh! "What is the matter?" said he. "Didn't you like your wife's way of brooding over the eggs? Or did she get tired of staying at home and make you help tend the nest?"

"Matter enough," grumbled the Great Horned Owl. "We went hunting together at twilight and she hasn't come home yet. I didn't get into the nest until I had to, but it was growing very cold and I wouldn't miss having our eggs hatch for anything. Ugh-whoo! How my legs do ache!"

"Well," said his cousin, "you are having a hard time. Are you hungry?"

The Great Horned Owl said that he was, so the Screech Owl went hunting and brought him food. "I will look in every night," he said, "and bring you a lunch. I'm afraid something has happened to your wife and that she will not be back."

As he flew away he called out, "It is too bad. I am very sorry for you. But then, I suppose you would never have the Owlets if you didn't stick to the nest."

This last remark made the Great Horned Owl quite angry. "Much he knows about it," he said. "I guess if he had ever tried it he would be a little more sorry for me." And then he began to think, "Who have I heard say those very words before? Who? Who? Who?"

All at once the Great Horned Owl remembered how many times he had said just that to his patient wife, and he began to feel very uncomfortable. His ears tingled and he felt a strange hot feeling under his face feathers. Perhaps he hadn't been acting very well after all! He knew that even when he told her he was sorry, he had been thinking she made a great fuss. Well, if she would only come back now, that should all be changed, and he shifted his weight and wriggled around into a more comfortable position.

Now, if this were just a story, one could say that Mrs. Owl came back and that they were all happy together; but the truth is she never did come, and nobody ever knew what became of her. So her husband, the night king of the forest, had to keep the eggs warm and rear his own Owlets. You can imagine how glad he was on the night when he first heard them tapping on the inside of their shells, for then he knew that he would soon be free to hunt.

A finer pair of children were never hatched, and their father thought them far ahead of all his other broods. "If only Mrs. Owl were here to see them, how lovely it would be!" he said. Yet if she had been there he would never have had the pleasure of hearing their first faint cheeps, and of covering them with his soft breast feathers as he did each day. He forgot now all the weary time when he sat with aching legs, wishing that his cousin would happen along with something to eat. For that is always the way,—when we work for those we love, the weariness is soon forgotten and only happiness remains.

It is said that the Screech Owl was more thoughtful of his wife after his cousin had to hatch the eggs, and it is too bad that some of the other forest people could not have learned the same lesson; but the Great Horned Owl never told, and the Screech Owl kept his secret, and to this day there are many people in the forest who know nothing whatever about it.

    Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 15: Bird Eyes and Ears

Performer: LibriVox - Claire Schreuder

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the animal synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

Birds tend to have better vision than mammals such as humans. Birds of prey, such as hawks and owls, have such excellent vision they can spot mice on the ground from high distances up in the air. Birds have irises of many different colors including white, red, blue, yellow, brown, gray, pink, purple, and green. Some birds, such as hens, have their eyes placed on either side of their heads. This means they cannot see the same object at once with both eyes. Hens often look at something with one eye, and then turn their head to view the object with the other eye. Hens have a black pupil and a yellow iris. Owls cannot move their eyes in multiple directions. To see in different directions, owls must swivel their entire heads. We typically cannot see the ears of birds, as they often consist of small holes covered by feathers. Some birds, such as owls, have better hearing than humans. Owls can even use their sense of hearing to locate prey at night.

Vocabulary

Vision: The faculty or state of being able to see.
Prey: An animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.
Iris: A flat, colored, ring-shaped membrane, with a pupil in the center.
Pupil: The dark circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, varying in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina.
Expand: Become or make larger or more extensive.
Contract: Decrease in size, number, or range.

Concepts

Study your own eyes in a mirror or look at someone else's eyes. Find the iris (colored part), the pupil (black circular center), and the upper and lower eyelids.

Facts about pupils:

  1. Pupils change size to help animals see in bright light and in dim light.
  2. Pupils contract in bright light to reduce the amount of light that enters the eye.
  3. Pupils expand in dim light to allow more light to enter the eye.
  4. Owls have large eyes and pupils, enabling owls to see far better than humans at night.
  5. Study the picture of the owl. Find the owl's irises and the pupils.

Birds have different coverings for their eyes from humans.

  1. Humans have one upper eyelid and one lower eyelid. When humans close their eyes, the top lid goes down.
  2. When hens close their eyes, the bottom lid comes up.
  3. Hens and owls have three eyelids, an upper eyelid, a lower eyelid, and a clear nictitating membrane.
  4. Study the image of the owl. One nictitating membrane is partially closed and the other is fully tucked away and cannot be seen. Find the nictitating membrane.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Classify the Animal

  • Birds are animals and vertebrates.
  • Trace which categories birds fit into on the classification chart.

Activity 3: Pupils and Light

Reinforce the concept that pupils expand in dim light and contract in bright light.

  • Pair up with a partner. Next to a bright lamp, look at the other person's eyes. Note the size of the person's pupils.
  • Next, turn off the bright lamp and move to a dim area. Look at the other person's eyes again. Note how the size of the person's pupils changed.

Activity 4: Color and Label an Owl’s Eyes   

  • Click the crayon above. Complete page 33 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Activity 5: Take a Nature Walk

Take a nature walk, locate a bird to observe, gather data and notes, and use that information to create a field book entry. You may wish to take a pencil and a small notebook to jot down sketches and observations.

Before you take the nature walk, review:

  • The field book template you'll later complete on page 34 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'
  • The suggested list of observations below.

Behavioral observations include:

  • Which noises does the bird make? Does it chirp, call, or sing?
  • How does the bird move?
  • How does the bird eat?
  • What does the bird eat?
  • How does the bird clean itself?

Habitat observations include:

  • In what areas of the world does the bird live?
  • Does the animal live in a forest, a field, a town, or near water?
  • In what type of climate does the bird live (e.g. temperate, tropical, arid, arctic)?
  • In what type of house does the bird live?

Appearance observations include:

  • What colors are the bird's eyes?
  • Can you see the bird's ears? Why or why not?
  • What feathers does the bird wear?
  • What colors are the feathers?
  • What colors are the beak and feet?

Activity 6: Complete a Field Book Entry   

  • Click the crayon above. After your nature walk, complete page 34 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Review

Question 1

Can owls see and hear well?
1 / 9

Answer 1

Yes, owls have good hearing and vision. Owls can spot a tiny mouse on the ground as they soar through the night sky.
1 / 9

Question 2

How many colors are owls' eyes?
2 / 9

Answer 2

Owls tend to have one color for the iris and a black pupil.
2 / 9

Question 3

Do owls have large eyes or small eyes?
3 / 9

Answer 3

Owls have large eyes.
3 / 9

Question 4

In bright light, do pupils tend to be small or large?
4 / 9

Answer 4

In bright light, pupils tend to be small.
4 / 9

Question 5

In dim light, do pupils tend to be small or large?
5 / 9

Answer 5

In dim light, pupils tend to be large.
5 / 9

Question 6

Why do hens turn their heads first to this side and then to that as they look at you?
6 / 9

Answer 6

Some birds, such as hens, have their eyes placed on either side of their heads. Hens turn their heads to see you with each of their eyes, one at a time.
6 / 9

Question 7

Do hens wink as humans do? Have they any eyelids?
7 / 9

Answer 7

Hens do wink, but differently than humans. Humans wink by closing their upper eyelid. Hens wink by closing their lower eyelid.
7 / 9

Question 8

Can owls move their eyes to see in different directions?
8 / 9

Answer 8

No, owls cannot move their eyes to see in different directions. Owls must turn their whole heads to look in different directions.
8 / 9

Question 9

Which of the following have nictitating membranes - owls, humans, and/or hens?
9 / 9

Answer 9

Owls and hens have nictitating membranes. Humans do not have nictitating membranes.
9 / 9

  1. Can owls see and hear well? Yes, owls have good hearing and vision. Owls can spot a tiny mouse on the ground as they soar through the night sky.
  2. How many colors are owls' eyes? Owls tend to have one color for the iris and a black pupil.
  3. Do owls have large eyes or small eyes? Owls have large eyes.
  4. In bright light, do pupils tend to be small or large? In bright light, pupils tend to be small.
  5. In dim light, do pupils tend to be small or large? In dim light, pupils tend to be large.
  6. Why do hens turn their heads first to this side and then to that as they look at you? Some birds, such as hens, have their eyes placed on either side of their heads. Hens turn their heads to see you with each of their eyes, one at a time.
  7. Do hens wink as humans do? Have they any eyelids? Hens do wink, but differently than humans. Humans wink by closing their upper eyelid. Hens wink by closing their lower eyelid.
  8. Can owls move their eyes to see in different directions? No, owls cannot move their eyes to see in different directions. Owls must turn their whole heads to look in different directions.
  9. Which of the following have nictitating membranes - owls, humans, and/or hens? Owls and hens have nictitating membranes. Humans do not have nictitating membranes.

References

  1. Comstock, Anna Botsford. Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.
  2. 'Owl.' Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org. n.p.